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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">polenovjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский нейрохирургический журнал имени профессора А. Л. Поленова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Neurosurgical Journal named after Professor A. L. Polenov</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-2693</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Семинары, Конференции и Форумы</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56618/2071-2693_2023_15_4_169</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DOLIMK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">polenovjournal-281</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS OF LITERATURE AND CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Семейный случай энцефалоцеле с аутосомно-доминантным наследованием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Familial case of encephalocele with autosomal dominant inheritance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2039-7875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кишинская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kishinskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кишинская Екатерина Игоревна.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2, 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina I. Kishinskaya.</p><p>Litovskaya str., 2, St. Petersburg, 194100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-8132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимов Александр Павлович.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander P. Gerasimov.</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-1653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаповалов Александр Сергеевич.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Shapovalov.</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-7270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Александр Вонгиевич.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr V. Kim.</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кишинская Е.И., Герасимов А.П., Шаповалов А.С., Ким А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кишинская Е.И., Герасимов А.П., Шаповалов А.С., Ким А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kishinskaya E.I., Gerasimov A.P., Shapovalov A.S., Kim A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://polenovjournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/281">https://polenovjournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/281</self-uri><abstract><p>Черепно-мозговая грыжа — врожденный сочетанный порок развития мозга и черепа, причиной которого является дефект закрытия переднего конца нервной трубки в процессе эмбриогенеза. Уникальность данного клинического обзора заключается в том, что рассматривается случай затылочного энцефалоцеле у ребенка, семейные анамнестические данные которого позволяют говорить об аутосомно-доминантном характере наследования порока.</p><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Описать клинические особенности семейного случая, установить характер наследования аномалии с использованием методов сегрегационного анализа, оценить результаты микрохирургического лечения затылочного энцефалоцеле с учетом клинико-неврологических проявлений.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проанализированы результаты клинико-анамнестического обследования и микрохирургического лечения менингоцеле у пациента в ДНХО № 7 клиники НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова, использован генеалогический метод на предмет выявления характера наследования порока, проведено исследование с целью выявления полиморфизмов фолатного цикла (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У пациента и его родственников имеется мягкая форма заболевания с наличием в грыжевом мешке только мозговых оболочек. Пациенту была успешно проведена микрохирургическая коррекция аномалии. Анализ родословной позволил выявить еще 7 родственников по материнской линии с подобными образованиями в затылочной и лобной области, без тяжелых последствий для жизни и здоровья, с вероятностью наследования около 50 %, что указывает на аутосомно-доминантный тип наследования. Также выявлено гетерозиготное носительство полиморфизмов MTHFR: 677 C&gt;T (Ala222Val) и MTRR: 66 A&gt;G (lle22Met). вероятно предрасполагающие к формированию мягкого фенотипа заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Серьезные дефекты формирования и замыкания нервной трубки в большинстве случаев несовместимы с жизнью и чаще ассоциируются либо с привычным невынашиванием, либо с грубыми пороками развития по типу черепно- и спинномозговых грыж с соответствующей неврологической симптоматикой.</p><p>Рассмотренный клинический случай атипичен — ребенок и его родственники имеют только внешние проявления аномалии без явной очаговой и общемозговой симптоматики и снижения качества жизни. Клинико-генеалогические данные позволяют оценить данную ситуацию как генетическое заболевание с аутосомно-доминантным наследованием.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Brain herniation is a congenital combined malformation of the brain and skull. Cause of this pathology is a defect in the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube during embryogenesis. The uniqueness of this clinical review is based on the fact that we have considered case of occipital encephalocele in a child, the family anamnesis of which suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance of the defect.</p><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed results of the clinical and anamnestic examination and microsurgical treatment of encephalocele in a patient at the pediatric neurosurgery department № 7 of the Almazov National Medical Research Centre. A genealogical method was used to identify the nature of inheritance of the defect. Analyze of polymorphisms in the folate cycle genes (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR) was performed.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The patient and his relatives have a mild form of the disease with only the meninges present in the hernial sac. The patient underwent successful microsurgical correction of the anomaly. Analysis of the pedigree made it possible to identify 7 more relatives on the maternal side with similar formations in the occipital and frontal region, without severe consequences for life and health, with a probability of inheritance of about 50 %, which indicates an autosomal dominant type of inheritance. We also have identified heterozygous carriage of the MTHFR: 677 C&gt;T (Ala222Val) and MTRR: 66 A&gt;G (lle22Met) polymorphisms, likely predisposing to the formation of a mild phenotype of the disease</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: Serious defects in the formation and closure of the neural tube are in most cases incompatible with life. Such pathology is most often associated with habitual miscarriage or gross malformations such as cranial and spinal hernias. These developmental anomalies have a neurological component complementary to their severity, depending on the degree of involvement of brain structures.</p><p>The clinical case we have examined is atypical — the child and his relatives have only external manifestations of the anomaly without obvious focal and cerebral symptoms and a decrease in the quality of life.</p><p>Clinical and genealogical data allow us to assess this situation as a genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>менингоцеле</kwd><kwd>энцефалоцеле</kwd><kwd>фолатный цикл</kwd><kwd>полиморфизмы</kwd><kwd>семейный случай</kwd><kwd>детская нейрохирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>meningocele</kwd><kwd>encephalocele</kwd><kwd>folate cycle</kwd><kwd>familial form</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>pediatric neurosurgery</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 121031100314–1 (Разработка малоинвазивной системы непрерывной оценки биомеханических свойств краниоспинальной системы ликворообращения и корковой перфузии (Хачатрян В.А.)).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ten Donkelaar, H.J., Bekker, M., Renier, W.O., Hori, A., Shiota, K. 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