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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">polenovjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский нейрохирургический журнал имени профессора А. Л. Поленова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Neurosurgical Journal named after Professor A. L. Polenov</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-2693</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Семинары, Конференции и Форумы</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56618/2071-2693_2026_18_2_24</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NSRCJC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">polenovjournal-784</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новая концепция хирургического лечения хронических субдуральных гематом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New concept of surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematomas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9671-7680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябчикова</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabchikova</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Олеговна Рябчикова, врач-нейрохирург</p><p>210037; ул. Воинов-Интернационалистов, д. 37; Витебск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia O. Ryabchikova, Neurosurgeon</p><p>210037; 37 Voinov-Internationalistov street; Vitebsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neurosurgeonYulia36@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-0369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шанько</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shanko</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Георгиевич Шанько, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Национальной академии науки Беларуси, заведующий отделом</p><p>Нейрохирургический отдел</p><p>220026; ул. Филатова, д. 9; Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri G. Shanko, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Full Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Head at the Department</p><p>Neurosurgical Department</p><p>220026; 9 Filatova street; Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0814-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархач</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhach</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Петровна Пархач, врач-нейрохирург</p><p>Нейрохирургическое отделение № 1</p><p>220114; ул. Ф. Скорины, д. 24; Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila P. Parkhach, Neurosurgeon</p><p>Neurosurgical Department No. 1</p><p>220114; 24 F. Skoriny street; Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-0191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Евгеньевна Иванова, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, член-корреспондент Российской академии естественных наук, академик Академии медико-технических наук, действительный член Петровской академии наук и искусств, член Правления Ассоциации нейрохирургов России, член Правления Ассоциации нейрохирургов им. И. С. Бабчина, член Географического общества России, врач функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики, заведующая отделом, профессор кафедры</p><p>научный отдел; Институт медицинского образования; кафедра неврологии и психиатрии</p><p>191025; ул. Маяковского, д. 12; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya E. Ivanova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Full Professor, Distinguished Doctorof the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences, Full Member of the Petrovskaya Academy of Sciences and Arts, Member of the Board of the Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia, Member of the Board of the Babchin Association of Neurosurgeons, Member of the Geographical Society of Russia, Doctor of Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics, Head at the Department, Professor at the Department</p><p>Scientific Department; Institute of Medical Education; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry</p><p>191025; 12 Mayakovskogo street; St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivamel@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-4912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самочерных</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samochernykh</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Александрович Самочерных, доктор медицинских наук, профессор Российской академии наук, врач-нейрохирург высшей квалификационной категории, директор</p><p>Отделение нейрохирургии для детей № 7</p><p>191025; ул. Маяковского, д. 12; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Samochernykh, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Neurosurgeon of the Highest Category, Director</p><p>Department of Neurosurgery for Children No. 7</p><p>191025; 12 Mayakovskogo street; St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samochernykh_ka@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение здравоохранения «Витебская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение здравоохранения «5-я городская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;  City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение «Республиканский научно-практический центр неврологии и нейрохирургии»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский нейрохирургический институт имени профессора А. Л. Поленова – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polenov Neurosurgery Institute – the branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рябчикова Ю.О., Шанько Ю.Г., Пархач Л.П., Иванова Н.Е., Самочерных К.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рябчикова Ю.О., Шанько Ю.Г., Пархач Л.П., Иванова Н.Е., Самочерных К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryabchikova Y.O., Shanko Y.G., Parkhach L.P., Ivanova N.E., Samochernykh K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://polenovjournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/784">https://polenovjournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/784</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>   ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Хроническая субдуральная гематома (ХСДГ) является одним из наиболее распространенных нейрохирургических заболеваний, возникающих у пациентов пожилого возраста. Представлены клиническая картина, а также результаты диагностики и хирургического лечения пациентов с хроническими субдуральными гематомами.</p></sec><sec><title>   ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>   ЦЕЛЬ. Изучение особенностей клинической картины ХСДГ, анализ факторов, влияющих на возникновение послеоперационных осложнений, а также оценка результатов лечения в зависимости от примененного хирургического метода.</p></sec><sec><title>   МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>   МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В период с ноября 2021 г. по декабрь 2025 г. было выполнено исследование, в которое включены 117 пациентов с ХСДГ. Были сформированы две группы пациентов. Первую группу составили 53 пациента, которым проводилось удаление ХСДГ с применением различных хирургических техник без назначения патогенетической терапии. Во вторую группу включили 64 пациента, которым выполнялось эндоскопически контролируемое хирургическое вмешательство в сочетании со специальной консервативной терапией. Оценка состояния всех пациентов проводилась с использованием принятых клинических и инструментальных методов исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У данной категории пациентов с ХСДГ ведущей была общемозговая симптоматика, среди очаговых нарушений преобладал пирамидный гемисиндром. Диагностика основывалась на нативной компьютерной томографии с классификацией Nakaguchi для выбора хирургической тактики и прогноза. Была разработана прогностическая модель послеоперационных осложнений (бинарная логистическая регрессия), которая позволила на дооперационном этапе проводить стратификацию риска возникновения рецидивов и послеоперационных осложнений у пациентов с ХСДГ с учетом совокупного влияния различных факторов. Патофизиологически обоснована и клинически апробирована новая малоинвазивная эндоскопическая методика в сочетании с консервативной терапией, обеспечивавшая санацию полости, регресс капсулы и снижение рецидивов. Установлено, что объем ХСДГ уменьшился во 2-й группе в 6,1 раза, а в 1-й группе – в 1,5 раза. Во 2-й группе было зафиксировано статистически значимо более частое достижение хорошего восстановления – 93,8 против 56,6 % в 1-й группе (рξ2 Пирсона = 0,0001). Было установлено, что осложнения достоверно чаще встречались в 1-й группе, чем во 2-й (рξ2 Пирсона = 0,0001) (92,5 и 7,8 % соответственно). Послеоперационная летальность после проведенного хирургического лечения составила 15,0 % пациентов в 1-й группе и 2,9 % пациентов во 2-й группе.</p></sec><sec><title>   ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>   ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Выполненное сопоставление результатов клинического материала продемонстрировало возможность успешного лечения ХСДГ с использованием метода консервативной терапии и его комбинации с хирургическими методами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   INTRODUCTION</title><p>   INTRODUCTION. Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions occurring in elderly patients. This article presents the clinical presentation, diagnostic results, and surgical treatment of patients with chronic subdural hematomas.</p></sec><sec><title>   AIM</title><p>   AIM. To study the clinical features of CSDH, analyze factors influencing the occurrence of postoperative complications, and evaluate treatment results depending on the surgical method used.</p></sec><sec><title>   MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>   MATERIALS AND METHODS. A study was conducted between November 2021 and December 2025, including 117 patients with CSDH. Two groups of patients were formed. The first group consisted of 53 patients who underwent CSDH removal using various surgical techniques without the use of pathogenetic therapy. The second group included 64 patients who underwent endoscopically guided surgery in combination with specialized conservative therapy. All patients were assessed using accepted clinical and instrumental examination methods.</p></sec><sec><title>   RESULTS</title><p>   RESULTS. In this category of patients with chronic subdural hematoma, general cerebral symptoms were the predominant symptom, with pyramidal hemi-syndrome being the focal lesion. Diagnosis was based on native CT scanning using the Nakaguchi classification to guide surgical approach and prognosis. A predictive model for postoperative complications (binary logistic regression) was developed, enabling preoperative risk stratification of recurrence and postoperative complications in patients with CSDH, taking into account the combined influence of various factors. A new minimally invasive endoscopic technique, combined with conservative therapy, was pathophysiologically substantiated and clinically validated. It resulted in cavity debridement, capsule regression, and a reduction in recurrence. It was found that the volume of the cystic fibrosis decreased by 6.1 times in the second group and by 1.5 times in the first group. In the second group, a statistically significantly higher rate of good recovery was recorded—93.8 versus 56.6 % in the first group (Pearson’s ξ2 = 0.0001). Complications were found to be significantly more common in the first group than in the second group (Pearson’s ξ2 = 0.0001) 92.5 and 7.8 %, respectively. Postoperative mortality after surgical treatment was 15.0 % in patients in group 1 and 2.9 % in group 2.</p></sec><sec><title>   CONCLUSION</title><p>   CONCLUSION. The comparison of the results of clinical material demonstrated the possibility of successful treatment of CSDH using the method of conservative therapy and its combination with surgical methods.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая субдуральная гематома</kwd><kwd>клиническая картина</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>классификация Nakaguchi</kwd><kwd>эндоскопически контролируемое хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>консервативное лечение</kwd><kwd>факторы риска рецидива</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic subdural hematoma</kwd><kwd>clinical presentation</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>Nakaguchi classification</kwd><kwd>endoscopically controlled surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>conservative treatment</kwd><kwd>risk factors for recurrence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stubbs D. 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