Передняя клиноидэктомия в хирургии сложных церебральных аневризм: показания, морфометрическое обоснование, техника (обзор литературы)

Микрохирургическое лечение сложных церебральных аневризм (СЦА) не теряет своей актуальности. Для клипирования СЦА применяются расширенные базальные доступы, при выполнении которых передний наклоненный отросток (ПНО) в ряде случаев подвергается частичной или полной резекции. В статье проанализированы показания к передней клиноидэктомии в хирургии СЦА. Проведен обзор морфометрических исследований эффективности резекции ПНО. Выполнен анализ эволюции различных техник интрадуральной и экстрадуральной резекций. Актуальным является проведение дальнейших исследований, направленных на разработку алгоритма определения показаний и индивидуального предоперационного планирования передней клиноидэктомии в микрохирургии СЦА, морфометрическое обоснование эффективности интрадуральной и экстрадуральной резекции ПНО, а также уточнение особенностей техники резекции.

1. Bederson J. B., Connolly E. S., Batjer H. H., Dacey R. G., Dion J. E., Diringer M. N., Duldner J. E., Harbaugh R. E., Patel A. B., Rosenwasser R. H. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke. 2009;40(3):994–1025. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.191395.

2. Juvela S. Natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: risks for aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture. Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplement. 2002;82(82):27–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-37091-6736-6_5.

3. Steiner T., Juvela S., Unterberg A., Jung C., Forsting M., Rinkel G. European Stroke Organization guidelines for the management of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). 2013;35(2):93–112. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346087.

4. Хирургия аневризм головного мозга. Т. 1 / под ред. В. В. Крылова. М.: ИП «Т. А. Алексеева». 2011. [Khirurgiya anevrizm golovnogo mozga. Vol. 1; eds by V. V. Krylov. Moscow: IP «T. A. Alekseeva»; 2011. (In Russ.)].

5. Хирургическое лечение аневризм головного мозга в остром периоде кровоизлияния / под ред. Ш. Ш. Элиавы. М.: ИП «Т. А. Алексеева», 2019. [Khirurgicheskoe lechenie anevrizm golovnogo mozga v ostrom periode krovoizliyaniya; eds by S. S. Eliava. Moscow: IP «T.A. Alekseeva»; 2019. (In Russ.)].

6. Lawton M. T., Vates G. E. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. The New England journal of medicine. 2017;377(3):257– 266. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMCP1605827.

7. Taufique Z., May T., Meyers E., Falo C., Mayer S. A., Agarwal S., Park S., Connolly E. S., Claassen J., Schmidt J. M. Predictors of Poor Quality of Life 1 Year After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2016;78(2):256–263. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000001042.

8. Hanel R. A., Spetzler R. F. Surgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(6 Suppl 3):1289–1299. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000333794.13844.D9.

9. Sekhar L. N., Natarajan S. K., Ellenbogen R. G., Ghodke B. Cerebral revascularization for ischemia, aneurysms, and cranial base tumors. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(6) (Suppl 3):1373–1410. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000333803.97703.C6.

10. Andaluz N., Zuccarello M. Treatment strategies for complex intracranial aneurysms: review of a 12-year experience at the university of Cincinnati. Skull base: official journal of North American Skull Base Society. 2011;21(4):233–241. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0031-1280685.

11. Sun Y., Wan B., Li Q., Li T., Huang G., Zhang W., Yang J., Tong X. Endovascular Treatment for Cavernous Carotid Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases: the official journal of National Stroke Association. 2020;29(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSTROKECEREBROVASDIS.2020.104808.

12. Wang Y., Yu J. Endovascular treatment of aneurysms of the paraophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery: Current status. Frontiers in neurology. 2022;13. https://doi.org/10.3389/FNEUR.2022.913704.

13. Яковлев С. Б., Арустамян С. Р., Дорохов П. С. и др. Эндоваскулярное лечение крупных и гигантских интракраниальных аневризм с использованием потокоперенаправляющих стентов // Вопросы нейрохирургии: Журнал им. Н. Н. Бурденко. 2015. Т. 79, № 4. С. 19–27. [Yakovlev S. B., Arustamyan S. R., Dorokhov P. S., Bocharov A. V., Bukharin E. Y., Arkhangel’skaya Y. N., Aref’eva I. A. Endovascular treatment of large and giant intracranial aneurysms using flow-diverting stents. Voprosy Neirokhirurgii: Zhurnal Imeni N. N. Burdenko. 2015;79(4):19–27. https://doi.org/10.17116/neiro201579419-27 (In Russ.)].

14. Олейник А. А., Иванова Н. Е., Горощенко С. А. и др. Качество жизни пациентов с разорвавшимися множественными церебральными аневризмами после эндоваскулярной операции // Мед. вестн. Северного Кавказа. 2020. Т. 15, № 3. С. 400–404. [Oleynik A. A., Ivanova N. E., Goroshchenko S. A., Ivanov A. A., Oleynik E. A., Ulitin A. U., Ivanov A. U. The quality of life in patients with ruptured multiple cerebral aneurysms after endovascular treatment. Medical News of North Caucasus. 2020;15(3):400–404. https://doi.org/10.14300/MNNC.2020.15095 (In Russ.)].

15. Кандыба Д. В., Бабичев К. Н., Савелло А. В. и др. Внутрисосудистые реконструкции с применением изолирующих стентов в нейрохирургии. Нейрохирургия. 2016. № 1. С. 17–27. [Kandyba D. V., Babichev K. N., Savello A. V., Landik S. A., Svistov D. V., Chesnokov A. A., Dolgi V. N. Endovascular reconstruction using covered stents in neurosurgery. Medical Russian journal of neurosurgery. 2016;(1):17–27. (In Russ.)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26727609.

16. Lindgren A., Vergouwen M. Di, Schaaf I., Algra A., Wermer M., Clarke M. J., Rinkel G. J. Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for people with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2018;8(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003085.PUB3.

17. McDougall C. G., Spetzler R. F., Zabramski J. M., Partovi S., Hills N. K., Nakaji P., Albuquerque F. C. The barrow ruptured aneurysm trial: Clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2012;116(1):135–144. https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.JNS101767.

18. Falk Delgado A., Andersson T., Falk Delgado A. Ruptured carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm treatment: a non inferiority meta-analysis comparing endovascular coiling and surgical clipping. British journal of neurosurgery. 2017;31(3):345–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2017.1297371.

19. Rodriguez-Calienes A., Borjas-Calderón N. F., VivancoSuarez J., Zila-Velasque J. P., Chavez-Malpartida S. S., Terry F., Grados-Espinoza P., Saal-Zapata G. Endovascular Treatment and Microsurgical Clipping for the Management of Paraclinoid Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurgery. 2023;(178):e489–e509. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WNEU.2023.07.108.

20. Hoh B. L., Ko N. U., Amin-Hanjani S., Hsiang-Yi Chou S., Cruz-Flores S., Dangayach N. S., Derdeyn C. P., Du R., Hänggi D., Hetts S.W., Ifejika N.L., Johnson R., Keigher K. M., Leslie-Mazwi T. M., Lucke-Wold B., Rabinstein A. A., Robicsek S. A., Stapleton C. J., Suarez J. I., Tjoumakaris S. I., Welch B. G. Guideline for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023;54(7). https://doi.org/10.1161/str.0000000000000436.

21. Бобинов В. В., Горощенко С. А., Рожченко Л. В. и др. Исторические аспекты микрохирургического лечения церебральных аневризм // История медицины. 2021. Т. 7, № 2. [Bobinov V., Goroshchenko S., Rozhchenko L., Samochernykh K., Petrov A. Historical aspects of microsurgical treatment of brain aneurysms. Istoriya meditsiny. 20217(2) (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17720/2409-5583.t7.2.2021.08h.

22. Патент РФ на изобретение № 2704883 / 28.09.18. Джинджихадзе Р. С., Древаль О. Н., Лазарев В. А., Поляков А. В., Салямова Э. И. Малотравматичный трансорбитальный доступ с экстрадуральной резекцией переднего наклоненного отростка в хирургии аневризм верхних отделов базилярной артерии. Бюл. № 31. Ссылка активна на . URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_41323229_35474221.PDF (дата обращения: 24.09.2023). [Russian Federation invention No. 2704883 / 28.09.18. Dzhindzhikhadze R. S., Dreval O. N., Lazarev V. A., Polyakov A. V., Salyamo- va E. I. Low-traumatic transorbital approach with an extradural resection of an anterior inclined process in an aneurism of an upper basilar artery. Bull. No 31. (In Russ.). Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_41323229_35474221.PDF (Accessed 24 September 2023)].

23. Хирургия сложных аневризм головного мозга / под ред. В. В. Крылова. М.: АБВ-пресс, 2019. С. 95–168. [Khirurgiya slozhnykh anevrizm golovnogo mozga; eds by V. V. Krylov. Moscow: ABV-press; 2019, pp. 95–168. (In Russ.)].

24. Мельченко С. А., Черекаев В. А., Суфианов А. А. и др. Топографо-анатомическое сравнение площади костной резекции чешуи височной кости и большого крыла клиновидной кости до дна средней черепной ямки при выполнении двухлоскутного и трехлоскутного орбитозигоматических доступов // Рос. нейрохирург. журн. им. проф. А. Л. Поленова. 2023. Т. 15, № 2. С. 66–74. [Melchenko S. A., Cherekaev V. A., Sufianov A. A., Nikolenko V. N., Golodnev G. E., Gizatullin M. R., Lasunin N. V., Sheliagin I. S., Surikov A. A., Senko I. V. Topographic and anatomical comparison of the area of bone resection of petrosal squamosa and greater sphenoid wing down to the floor of middle cranial fossa in two-piece and three-piece orbitozygomatic approaches. Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2023;15(2):66–74. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.56618/2071-2693_2023_15_2_66.

25. Tanriover N., Ulm A.J., Rhoton A.L., Kawashima M., Yoshioka N., Lewis S.B. One-piece versus two-piece orbitozygomatic craniotomy: Quantitative and qualitative considerations. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000210010.46680.B4.

26. Figueiredo E. G., Zabramski J. M., Deshmukh P., Crawford N. R., Spetzler R.F., Preul M.C. Comparative analysis of anterior petrosectomy and transcavernous approaches to retrosellar and upper clival basilar artery aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000193921.17628.6F.

27. D’Ambrosio A. L., Mocco J., Hankinson T. C., Bruce J. N., Van Loveren H. R. Quantification of the frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approach using a three-dimensional visualization and modeling application. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(3)(Suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000317401.38960.F6.

28. Flores B. C., White J. A., Hunt Batjer H., Samson D. S. The 25th anniversary of the retrograde suction decompression technique (Dallas technique) for the surgical management of paraclinoid aneurysms: Historical background, systematic review, and pooled analysis of the literature. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2019;130(3):902–916. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.11.JNS17546.

29. Микрохирургическое лечение крупных и гигантских аневризм внутренней сонной артерии / под ред. Ш. Ш. Элиавы. М.: ИП «Т. А. Алексеева», 2017. [Mikrokhirurgicheskoe lechenie krupnykh i gigantskikh anevrizm vnutrennei sonnoi arterii; eds by S. S. Eliava. Moscow: IP «T.A. Alekseeva»; 2017. (In Russ.)].

30. Wiebers D. O. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment. The Lancet. 2003;362(9378):103– 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13860-3.

31. Luzzi S., Del Maestro M., Galzio R. Posterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Critical Appraisal of a Surgical Series in Endovascular Era. Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplementum. 2021;(132):39–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03063453-7_6.

32. Люнькова Р. Н., Крылов В. В. Хирургия аневризм базилярной артерии. Нейрохирургия. 2017. № 1. С. 80– 92. [Krylov V. V., Lyun’Kova R. N. Surgery of basilar aneurysms. Russian journal of neurosurgery. 2017;(1):80– 92. (In Russ.)].

33. Kamide T., Tabani H., Safaee M. M., Burkhardt J. K., Lawton M. T. Microsurgical clipping of ophthalmic artery aneurysms: Surgical results and visual outcomes with 208 aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018;129(6):1511– 1521. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.JNS17673.

34. Yamada Y., Ansari A., Sae-Ngow T., Tanaka R., Kawase T., Kalyan S., Kato Y. Microsurgical treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms by extradural anterior clinoidectomy: The Fujita experience. Asian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2019;14(03):868–872. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajns.ajns_130_17.

35. Otani N., Toyooka T., Wada K., Mori K. Modified extradural temporopolar approach with suction decompression for clipping of large paraclinoid aneurysm: Technical note. Surgical Neurology International. 2017;8(1). https:// doi.org/10.4103/sni.sni_377_16.

36. Choque-Velasquez J., Hernesniemi J. Anterior clinoidectomy for paraclinoid aneurysms in Helsinki Neurosurgery. Surgical neurology international. 2018;9(1):185. https://doi.org/10.4103/SNI.SNI_261_18.

37. Sanai N., Caldwell N., Englot D. J., Lawton M. T. Advanced technical skills are required for microsurgical clipping of posterior communicating artery aneurysms in the endovascular era. Neurosurgery. 2012;71(2):285–294. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e318256c3eb.

38. Kamide T., Burkhardt J. K., Tabani H., Safaee M. M., Lawton M. T. Preoperative Prediction of the Necessity for Anterior Clinoidectomy During Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms. World Neurosurgery. 2018;109:e493–e501. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.007.

39. Park S. K., Shin Y. S., Lim Y. C., Chung J. Preoperative predictive value of the necessity for anterior clinoidectomy in posterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(2):281–285. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000348296.09722.2F.

40. Hakuba A., Matsuoka Y., Suzuki T., Komiyama M., Jin T. B., Inoue Y. Direct approaches to vascular lesions in the cavernous sinus via the medial triangle. Dolenc V. V., ed. The Cavernous Sinus. Vienna. Springer Vienna; 1987:272–284.

41. Inoue T., Rhoton A. L., Theele D., Barry M. E. Surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus: a microsurgical study. Neurosurgery. 1990;26(6):903. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199006000-00001.

42. Nutik S. Carotid paraclinoid aneurysms with intradural origin and intracavernous location. Journal of neurosurgery. 1978;48(4):526–533. https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS.1978.48.4.0526.

43. Dolenc V. V. Direct microsurgical repair of intracavernous vascular lesions. Journal of neurosurgery. 1983;58(6):824– 831. https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS.1983.58.6.0824.

44. Spiessberger A., Strange F., Fandino J., Marbacher S. Microsurgical Clipping of Basilar Apex Aneurysms: A Systematic Historical Review of Approaches and their Results. World neurosurgery. 2018;(114):305–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WNEU.2018.03.141.

45. Yonekawa Y., Khan N., Imhof H. G., Roth P. Basilar bifurcation aneurysms. Lessons learnt from 40 consecutive cases. Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplement. 2005;(94):39– 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-27911-3_7.

46. Dzhindzhikhadze R. S., Dreval O. N., Lazarev V. A., Polyakov A. V., Kambiev R.L., Salyamova E. I. Transpalpebral approach for microsurgical clipping of an unruptured basilar apex aneurysm: case report and literature review. British journal of neurosurgery. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2020.1849543.

47. Krisht A. F., Kadri P. A. S. Surgical clipping of complex basilar apex aneurysms: a strategy for successful outcome using the pretemporal transzygomatic transcavernous approach. Neurosurgery. 2005;56(suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000156785.63530.4E.

48. Nutik S. L. Removal of the anterior clinoid process for exposure of the proximal intracranial carotid artery. Journal of neurosurgery. 1988;69(4):529–534. https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS.1988.69.4.0529.

49. Evans J. J., Hwang Y. S., Lee J. H. Pre- versus post-anterior clinoidectomy measurements of the optic nerve, internal carotid artery, and opticocarotid triangle: a cadaveric morphometric study. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(4):1018–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200004000-00054.

50. Andaluz N., Beretta F., Bernucci C., Keller J. T., Zuccarello M. Evidence for the improved exposure of the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery after anterior clinoidectomy: Morphometric analysis. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2006;148(9):971–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-006-0862-x.

51. Tripathi M., Deo R. C., Damodaran N., Suri A., Srivastav V., Baby B., Singh R., Kumar S., Kalra P., Banerjee S., Prasad S., Paul K., Roy T. S., Lalwani S., Sharma B.S. Quantitative analysis of variable extent of anterior clinoidectomy with intradural and extradural approaches: 3-dimensional analysis and cadaver dissection. Operative Neurosurgery. 2015;11(1):160. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000599.

52. Andaluz N., Beretta F., Bernucci C., Keller J. T., Zuccarello M. Removal of anterior clinoid process for basilar tip aneurysm: clinical and cadaveric analysis. Neurological research. 2001;23(4):298–303. https://doi.org/10.1179/016164101101198523.

53. Dogan A., Cetas J. S., Anderson G. J., Rekito A., Delashaw J. B. Quantitative Anterior and Posterior Clinoidectomy Analysis and Mobilization of the Oculomotor Nerve during Surgical Exposure of the Basilar Apex Using Frameless Stereotaxis. Journal of Neurological Surgery, Part B: Skull Base. 2017;78(4):295– 300. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597813.

54. Youssef A. S., Aziz K. M. A., Kim E. Y., Keller J. T., Zuccarello M., van Loveren H. R., Batjer H. H., Gore P. A., Spetzler R. F., Dolenc V. V., Day A. L., Theodosopoulos P. V. The Carotid-oculomotor Window in Exposure of Upper Basilar Artery Aneurysms: A Cadaveric Morphometric Study. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(5):1181–1189. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000119757.28390.98.

55. Sade B., Kweon C. Y., Evans J. J., Lee J. H. Enhanced exposure of carotico-oculomotor triangle following extradural anterior clinoidectomy: A comparative anatomical study. Skull Base. 2005;15(3):157–161. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-871523.

56. Kim M., Evins A. I., Fukuda H., Kim N., Stieg P. E., Bernardo A. Surgical Management of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms in the Presence of a Low-Coursing Internal Carotid Artery and Narrowed Retrocarotid Window. World Neurosurgery. 2020;139:558–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.200.

57. Figueiredo E. G., Zabramski J. M., Deshmukh P., Crawford N. R., Preul M. C., Spetzler R. F. Anatomical and quantitative description of the transcavernous approach to interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns. Technical note. Journal of neurosurgery. 2006;104(6):957–964. https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS.2006.104.6.957.

58. Martínez-Pérez R., Albonette-Felicio T., Zachariah M. A., Hardesty D. A., Carrau R. L., Prevedello D. M. Quantitative Anatomic Study of the Minipterional Craniotomy in the Paraclinoid Region: Benefits of Extradural Anterior Clinoidectomy. World Neurosurgery. 2020;(135):221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.120.

59. Dandy W. E. Aneurysms in the Carotid Canal. Dandy W. E., ed. Intracranial arterial aneurysms. Ithaca, N.Y. Comstock Publishing Company, inc., Cornell University; 1944, pp. 103–111.

60. Perneczky A., Knosp E., Vorkapic P., Czech T. Direct surgical approach to infraclinoidal aneurysms. Acta Neurochirurgica. 1985;76(1–2):36–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01403827.

61. Yaşargil M. G. Carotid-Posterior Communicating Aneurysms. Yaşargil M.G., Smith R. D., eds. Microneurosurgery. Vol. 2. N. Y.: Georg Thieme; 1984, pp. 71–98.

62. Ohmoto T., Nagao S., Mino S., Ito T., Honma Y., Fujiwara T. Exposure of the intracavernous carotid artery in aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery. 1991;28(2):317. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199102000-00026.

63. Hadeishi H., Suzuki A., Yasui N., Satou Y., Kawase T., Sekhar L. N., Stimac D., Hakuba A. Anterior clinoidectomy and opening of the internal auditory canal using an ultrasonic bone curette. Neurosurgery. 2003;52(4):867–871. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000053147.67715.58.

64. Takahashi J. A., Kawarazaki A., Hashimoto N., Yonekawa Y. Intradural en-bloc removal of the anterior clinoid process. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2004;146(5):505–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-004-0249-9.

65. Sai Kiran N. A., Furtado S. V., Hegde A. S. How i do it: Anterior clinoidectomy and optic canal unroofing for microneurosurgical management of ophthalmic segment aneurysms. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2013;155(6):1025– 1029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-013-1685-1.

66. Meybodi A. T., Lawton M. T., Yousef S., Guo X., Sánchez J. J. G., Tabani H., García S., Burkhardt J. K., Benet A. Anterior clinoidectomy using an extradural and intradural 2-step hybrid technique. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2019;130(1):238–247. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.8.JNS171522.

67. Dolenc V. V. A combined epi-and subdural direct approach to carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1985. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.62.5.0667

68. Yonekawa Y., Ogata N., Imhof H. G., Olivecrona M., Strommer K., Kwak T. E., Roth P., Groscurth P. Selective extradural anterior clinoidectomy for supra- and parasellar processes. Technical note. Journal of neurosurgery. 1997;87(4):636–642. https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS.1997.87.4.0636.

69. Coscarella E., Ba̧kaya M. K., Morcos J. J., Rosenblatt S., Ciric I. S., Sekhar L. N., Day J. D., Zubay G., Spetzler R. F., George B. An alternative extradural exposure to the anterior clinoid process: The superior orbital fissure as a surgical corridor. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(1):162–167. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000068866.22176.07.

70. Noguchi A., Shiokawa Y., Mcmenomey S. O., Delashaw J.B. Extradural anterior clinoidectomy. Technical note. Journal of neurosurgery. 2005;102(5):945–950. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.102.5.0945.

71. Avci E., Bademci G., Ozturk A. Microsurgical landmarks for safe removal of anterior clinoid process. Minimally invasive neurosurgery. 2005;48(5):268–272. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-915595.

72. Seoane E., Tedeschi H., De Oliveira E., Wen H. T., Rhoton A. L. The pretemporal transcavernous approach to the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns: microsurgical anatomy and technique application. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(4):891–899. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200004000-00021.

73. Froelich S. C., Aziz K. M. A., Levine N. B., Theodosopoulos P. V., van Loveren H. R., Keller J. T. Refinement of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy: surgical anatomy of the orbitotemporal periosteal fold. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(5)(suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000303215.76477.CD.

74. Chang D. J. The “no-drill” technique of anterior clinoidectomy: A cranial base approach to the paraclinoid and parasellar region. Neurosurgery. 2009;64(suppl 3). https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000335172.68267.01.

75. Komatsu F., Komatsu M., Inoue T., Tschabitscher M. Endoscopic extradural anterior clinoidectomy via supraorbital keyhole: A cadaveric study. Neurosurgery. 2011;68(suppl 2):334–337. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e31821144e5.

76. Beer-Furlan A., Evins A. I., Rigante L., Burrell J. C., Anichini G., Stieg P. E., Bernardo A. Endoscopic extradural anterior clinoidectomy and optic nerve decompression through a pterional port. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2014;21(5):836–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2013.10.006.

77. Lim J., Sung K. S., Yoo J., Oh J., Moon J. H. Endoscopic transorbital extradural anterior clinoidectomy: A stepwise surgical technique and case series study. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022;(12). https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.991065.

78. Xiao L., Xie S., Tang B., Hu J., Hong T. Endoscopic endonasal anterior clinoidectomy: surgical anatomy, technique nuance, and case series. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2020;133(2):451–461. https://doi.org/10.3171/2019.4.JNS183213.

79. López C. B., Di Somma A., Cepeda S., Arrese I., Sarabia R., Agustín J. H., Topczewski T. E., Enseñat J., PratsGalino A. Extradural anterior clinoidectomy through endoscopic transorbital approach: laboratory investigation for surgical perspective. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2021;163(8):2177–2188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-04896-y.

80. Kimura T., Takeda Y., Ichi S. Modified extradural selective anterior clinoidectomy leaving the optic canal unopened for internal carotid aneurysms: A technical note. World Neurosurgery. 2023;(18). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WNSX.2023.100154