Медиаторы сна и бодрствования как лабораторные биомаркеры постинсультной гиперсомноленции (обзор литературы)

В статье приводятся современные данные о роли нейротрансмиттерных систем в регуляции цикла «сон-бодрствование». Рассмотрены базовые принципы функционирования систем пробуждения, NREM- и REM-сна, дана характеристика ведущим медиаторам сна и бодрствования (мелатонин, орексины, ГАМК, глутамат, норадреналин, гистамин, дофамин, серотонин, ацетилхолин). Учитывая высокую актуальность профилактики осложнений инсульта и доказанную связь острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения с расстройствами спектра гиперсомноленции, приведены результаты анализа современных исследований по проблеме биомаркеров гиперсомноленции. Роль некоторых медиаторов, участвующих в регуляции процессов сна и бодрствования, остается не до конца изученной, что позволяет рассматривать их в качестве потенциальных биомаркеров гиперсомноленции. Возможными претендентами являются орексин-А, глутамат и ГАМК, также ацетилхолин. В данной статье приведен обзор имеющейся на данном этапе литературы о лабораторных маркерах гиперсомноленции и возможностях их оценки у пациентов с острым ишемическим инсультом.

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