MIS-технологии в структуре хирургического лечения опухолей хиазмально-селлярной области: систематический литературный обзор

Обширные транскраниальные доступы в хирургии опухолей головного мозга постепенно заменяются минимально инвазивными доступами. В хирургии менингиом передней и средней черепных ямок чаще всего используют мини-птериональный и супраорбитальный доступы.

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Целью данного исследования является сравнение мини-инвазивных доступов в лечении опухолей хиазмально-селлярной области с оценкой их частоты применения, топографо-анатомических особенностей, основных хирургических параметров, характера и частоты осложнений. В настоящей работе проводится систематический литературный обзор публикаций, исследующих супраорбитальный и мини-птериональный доступы.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Данный литературный обзор был проведён в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA 2020 года. Для поиска опубликованных работ были использованы такие онлайн-базы как Pubmed/Medline и elibrary.ru с соответствующими критериями поиска за период 1956–2023 гг. Для каждой публикации оценивались тип исследования, период наблюдения, количество исследуемых случаев применения каждого из хирургических доступов и результат исследования по выбранным критериям. Данные из публикаций были объединены в две группы: мини-птериональный доступ и супраорбитальный доступ. В общей сложности была проанализирована 51 публикация и проведена сравнительная оценка МПД и СОД по 4 критериям: частота применения, топографо-анатомические особенности, основные хирургические параметры, характер и частота осложнений.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: МПД, в отличие от СОД, не ограничен анатомическими структурами, вследствие чего размер краниотомии при МПД в 1,5 раза больше, что обеспечивает значительно больший диапазон хирургических рабочих углов при меньшей глубине хирургического коридора. Частота осложнений примерно сопоставима для обоих доступов. При этом СОД значительно чаще применяется в хирургии опухолей ПЧЯ и СЧЯ, несмотря на одинаковые функциональные исходы.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: С внедрением эндоскопической и микрохирургической техники многие критерии оценки MIS-технологий отходят на второй план. Выбор наиболее подходящего доступа должен основываться не на личных предпочтениях хирурга, а на знании ограничений каждого типа доступа и учёте индивидуальных особенностей пациента. Основными критериями выбора доступа являются полноценная визуализация патологического очага, удобство работы в операционной ране и безопасность доступа, которые зависят от его хирургических параметров, топографо-анатомических особенностей и характера послеоперационных осложнений.

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