Frequency and features of epileptic status in temporal and extratemporal forms of epilepsy

RATIONALE: In 2019, WHO published a global report on the global burden of epilepsy. The severe course of epilepsy with status epilepticus (SE) according to population studies is 6.2 / 100,000 people. SE is a formidable complication of epilepsy with high mortality, aggravating the course of the disease.

Patients with a neurosurgical profile are distinguished by a younger age, a more severe course of pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: to study the frequency and characteristics of epileptic status in temporal and extra-temporal forms of epilepsy in patients with a neurosurgical profile.

METHODS: The results of the pre-surgical diagnosis of 110 patients of the Clinic of the Polenov Neurosurgical Institute with temporal and extra temporal forms of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and neurophysiological examination with the definition of indications for neurosurgical intervention. Particular attention was paid to the study of patients with SE in history.

RESULTS: The study included patients at a neurosurgical hospital with focal forms of epilepsy. The first group includes patients with temporal lobe form of epilepsy — 83 patients (75.5%). The second group (of extra temporal epilepsy) combines patients with frontal, parietal, and occipital forms — 27 patients (24.5%). All observations were characterized by a long course of the disease and one of the predictors of the development of SE is the duration of epilepsy. Duration of the disease is an important characteristic — it characterizes the formation of pharmacoresistant forms of the disease and side effects during prolonged treatment with antiepileptic drugs.

CONCLUSION: Patients at a neurosurgical hospital are characterized by the most severe course of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, in some cases complicated by SE. A history of SE in a patient for an epileptologist should become an earlier pre-surgical diagnosis in a specialized category of patients.

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