Некоторые генетические маркеры низкозлокачественных глиом головного мозга у детей и их потенциальное значение в разработке терапии

   Глиомы – наиболее частые опухоли центральной нервной системы у детей с распространенностью до 30–35 % всех интракраниальных опухолей. Детские глиомы в основном представлены низкозлокачественными глиомами (low grade gliomas), которые классифицируются как 1-я или 2-я степенью анаплазии в соответствии с классификацией ВОЗ опухолей ЦНС. Применение современных геномных и эпигеномных технологий для подробного описания генетического профиля опухолей головного мозга у детей является сравнительно новым диагностическим направлением. Благодаря открытию ряда маркеров неблагоприятного прогноза нейроэпителиальных опухолей были определены мишени противоопухолевой терапии. В статье представлены современные мировые данные о ряде генетических маркерах, имеющих потенциальное и подтвержденное клиническое значение в диагностике и лечении нейроэпителиальных опухолей головного мозга у детей. Для достижения поставленной цели мы выполнили поиск научных публикаций в базах данных доказательной медицины. В статье приведены характеристика отдельных, наиболее значимых маркеров глиом головного мозга с низкой злокачественностью у детей и принципы их таргетной молекулярной терапии.

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