Analysis of the structures of traumatic intracranial hematomas in isolated traumatic brain injury in the population of the Ulyanovsk region in 2020

The problem of diagnosing and treating patients with traumatic brain injury is an important social problem due to the high level of disability and mortality among the working population.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: to conduct a retrospective analysis of patients with traumatic intracranial hematomas who were treated in the neurosurgical departments of Ulyanovsk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of 2567 case histories of patients, 76 acts of forensic autopsy and 354 protocols of operations was carried out. Patients underwent CT scan of the head, neurological examination with an assessment of the level of consciousness according to the Glasgow Coma Scale.

RESULTS. Of 2567 people, traumatic intracranial hematomas were diagnosed in 306 (11.9 %) patients: 71.2 % of them were men. The main cause of craniocerebral injury was household injuries — 57.8 % of cases, then criminal injury — 29.1 % of cases, industrial injury — 3.3 % of cases, traffic accidents — 9.8 % of cases. In most cases, subdural hematomas were observed, which accounted for 39.5 % of cases, then epidural — 19.9 % of cases and intracerebral hematomas — 21.6 % of cases. According to the time factor, acute hematomas were more common — 75.4 %, then subacute — 14.4 %, chronic — 6.9 %, progressive — 3.3 %. At the time of hospitalization, 48.4 % of patients were in clear consciousness, 12.1 % of patients were in moderate stunning, 14.1 % of patients were in deep stunning, 9.8 % of patients were in stupor, and 10.1 % were in moderate coma. patient, in deep coma — 3.9 % of patients, in terminal coma — 1.6 % of patients. mortality in patients with traumatic intracranial hematomas was 19.9 %.

CONCLUSION: the analysis of the treatment of patients with traumatic intracranial hematomas shows the relevance of the problem due to the frequent traumatization of patients of working age. In the structure of intracranial hematomas, a special type of hematoma has been identified — progressive hematomas that require control in diagnosis and treatment. The problem of high mortality in patients with TBI accompanied by the presence of intracranial hematomas in the Ulyanovsk region is relevant and requires further study to minimize the main quality indicators in the provision of neurotraumatological care to patients.

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